![]() The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (2008) attributes the following description of the term in the history and philosophy of science to Thomas Kuhn's 1962 work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: The Merriam-Webster Online dictionary defines one usage of paradigm as "a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are formulated broadly: a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind." In linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) used paradigm to refer to a class of elements with similarities (as opposed to syntagma - a class of elements expressing relationship. The English-language term paradigm has technical meanings in the fields of grammar (as applied, for example, to declension and conjugation - the 1900 Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the technical use of paradigm only in the context of grammar) and of rhetoric (as a term for an illustrative parable or fable). 360 BCE) and Parmenides) as one possibility for the model or the pattern that the demiurge supposedly used to create the cosmos. The original Greek term παράδειγμα ( paradeigma) was used by scribes in Greek texts (such as Plato's dialogues Timaeus ( c. Anaximenes defined paradeigma as "actions that have occurred previously and are similar to, or the opposite of, those which we are now discussing." It is not the job of a personal accountant to tell a client exactly what (and what not) to spend money on, but to aid in guiding a client as to how money should be spent based on the client's financial goals. ![]() One way of how a paradeigma is meant to guide an audience would be exemplified by the role of a personal accountant. This illustration is not meant to take the audience to a conclusion, however it is used to help guide them to get there. In classical (Greek-based) rhetoric, a paradeigma aims to provide an audience with an illustration of a similar occurrence. Paradigm comes from Greek παράδειγμα ( paradeigma), "pattern, example, sample" from the verb παραδείκνυμι ( paradeiknumi), "exhibit, represent, expose" and that from παρά ( para), "beside, beyond" and δείκνυμι ( deiknumi), "to show, to point out".
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